Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 2

Секция 5 • Panel 5 Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Т. 1. 2018 190 stone as well.According to the scholar, the name of Phudongmay be logically explained if we refer to theTay language, where the expression pù đống means a “rockymountain” 1 . According to Vietnamese scientists, all water deities of Van Lang land (between 2879 and 258 BC) which covered NorthernVietnam, were headed by TamGiang Bach Hac Dai Vuong – a Grand Ruler, theWhite Crane of Three Rivers. There exist numerous fables saying that the name of theWhite Crane of Three Rivers was Tho Lenh—Master of Earth. Tho Lenh together with his twin brother Thach Khanh — Master of Rock helped the spirit of Tan Vien mountain fight against enemies 2 . The 14 th -century collection “About Mysterious Forces and Spirits of Viet Land” (Viet dien u linh) includes a tale of rivalry between these two spirits: Once upon a time, a Chinese governor Li Ch’ang-ming (7 th century — Е. К.) ordered to build Thong Linh temple in Bach Hac district. He decided to set up a statue of the state’s guardian spirit in the front wing and ordered his craftsmen to commence the work. When the statue was almost ready, Li Ch’ang-ming fumed aromas in front of it and said: “I apply to the most powerful genie of the local lands to appear before me in my dream so that I could make the statue resembling to him”. The same night, he saw two odd-looking people in his dream. Each of them was accompanied by dozens of servants with banners, drums, and flutes. The Chinese governor asked who they were, and one of them introduced himself as Tho Lenh—Master of Earth, and the second one named himself Thach Khanh—Master of Rock. Li Ch’ang-ming requested them to display their magical skills – and the most proficient will have the place at the altar. Once he’d become silent, Thach Khanh jumped over the river, however, to his dissatisfaction, he saw The Master of Earth standing there. The Master of Rock jumped over to the other side once more, but Tho Lenh succeeded to come first again. The governor admitted that the Master of Earth was more proficient, and the place at the altar was his by right. Local citizens worshiped him as a guardian spirit of the region, incense was burnt day and night. Military commanders of subsequent dynasties when they happened to fight against the enemy in the region of Tam Giang — the Tree-River Land, came to the temple to display their admiration, and the genie helped them repeatedly 3 . The tale of rivalry between the two spirits from the above collection is almost in a word-by-word conformity with a text on a stele in the Taoist temple ThongThanh-quan “Records of the Bell in Thong Thanh Temple” written by the Chinese Taoist Sü Tsung tao (Vietnamese — Hua Tong Dao) who formed the bell in 1321 for that temple 4 . 1 Tạ Chí Đại Trường . Thần, người và đất Việt. Hà Nội, 2006. Tr. 34, 83 ̶ 84. 2 Văn hóa dân gian vùng đất tổ. Vĩnh Phú, 1986. Tr. 100 3 Lý Tế Xuyên . Việt điện u linh. Hà Nội, 1960. Tr. 59–60 4 Thơ văn Lý Trần . Hà Nội, 1989. T. 2. Tr. 625–632.