Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 1

Новые вопросы изучения классической китайской литературы... Issues of Far Eastern Literatures. Vol. 1. 2018 95 also possible. Another widespread local belief not mentioned byWu Shuangre is the worship of Wuxian ӄᱮ (Five Manifestations, or Wutong ӄ䙊 ) and their mother Tailao ཚပ . It is a famous “illicit cult” of the whole Southern Jiangsu; it still exist in Changshu (many rural houses have special altars for Wuxian) and it is also reflected in “telling scriptures”.  1 Therefore, HFJ does not give any information on the history of local baojuan performances, which is an important part of local culture. Besides its critical and conservative attitude, HFJ is noted for its humorous style. For example, while writing about the ritual of “summoning soul”, Wu Shuangre joked that it can be used for remonstrating careless young scions of rich families, who were misled by courtesans or entangled in the world of officials: “A-Gou, come back!” (HFJ, p. 48–49). This style betrays the reputation of the author as a capable writer. Overall, HFJ can be characterized as a piece of traditional ethnographic writing, which also possesses certain literary value. Though not written by a professional ethnographer, it presents precious eyewitness account of folk customs of Changshu at the beginning of the last century. With his main purpose of criticism of local beliefs, Wu Shuangre preserved important evidence for modern ethnographers. Besides, his piece demonstrates typical attitude of traditional Chinese literati of the very beginning of Republican period towards folk culture. Abbreviations: HFJ : Haiyu fengsu ji ⎧㲎仾؇䇠 . ZCBJ: WuWei ੤Տ , ed. Zhongguo Changshu baojuan ѝ഻ᑨ⟏ሣধ (Suzhou: Guwuxuan, 2015). 4 vols. Berwers Elena (Scientific-Production Centre “Dongfang”, Russia) The Movement for “Return to Antiquity” at the End of the Ming Dynasty The “Restoring” association was established as an alliance of like-minded people: scholars, writers, officials, students, educated citizens, who were aware of the approaching collapse of the Ming dynasty. They saw the dominance of eunuchs, misrules, abuses and corruption of the imperial court, and sought a way out of the crisis in the movement of society along the path laid by "perfect» rulers of ancient times. They attributed all the misfortunes to the fact that modern 1 See ZCBJ, 3. 2554–2593; Berezkin, “On the Survival of the Traditional Ritualized Performance Art in Modern China,” pp. 180-181. On the cult of Wutong in Jiangnan, see Richard von Glahn, The Sinister Way: The Divine and the Demonic in Chinese Religious Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004).