Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 2

Литературы стран Дальнего Востока и ЮВА: прошлое и настоящее Issues of Far Eastern Literatures. Vol. 1. 2018 193 part of a woman in ancient time. An Duong Vuong beheaded the princess, after her death her body turned to stone and transformed to jasper. Blood of An Duong Vuong —Mi Chau flowed into the sea, it was swallowed by pearl shells and turned to pearls. In Koloa region, in the temple where Mi Chau is worshipped, people can see a huge rock in a shape of a beheaded human. According to the legend, when after Mi Chau’s death her body turned to a rock, she came in a dream to villagers and told them that her cult had to be established 1 . According to M. Eliade, the oldest of known “sanctuaries”, as Z. Pzhyluski correctly stated, constituted a microcosm, namely, a scenery of rocks, waters and trees. P. Mus pointed to a triptych “tree—altar — rock” in primeval “sanctuaries” of India and EasternAsia. However, he built those elements separately in a chronological sequence (according to him, the sanctuary originated with a forest, and only later a total of “tree — altar — rock” was added to it) instead of noticing a synchronic existence in it, as it was legitimately done by Z. Pzhyluski. The iconic binominal rock-tree combination is found in other regions of an archaic culture. This extremely ancient association of a rock and a tree was perceived and adopted by Buddhism 2 . A legend uniting a tree, a rock and a female deity was included in “Description of Wonderful Lands South of Mountains” (Linh nam trich quai, 15 th century), is “A Tale of Man Nuong”. It was associated with Dau Pagoda (3 rd century) known also as Phap Van Pagoda. This is one of the oldest Buddhist sanctuaries of Vietnam located in Bac Ninh Province. Dau Pagoda resided in the very heart of the old Luy Lau fortress, this was the major place of cult for Ly and Tran dynasties where rulers arranged grand festivities 3 . Rock worshipped in Phap Van Pagoda is called Thanh Quang Phat; researchers believe that this is a linga suggesting that it was the place where reproductive forces of nature were worshipped. Man Nuong’s story shows that a female deity was initially adored in Phap Van Pagoda 4 . A link between a rock and a tree may be seen in the image of goddess Thien Y A Na, who was close to Champa’s goddess Po Nagar. Thien Y A Na is a spirit of eaglewood tree, she was also a goddess of storms and floods, a rain giver. Value of the eaglewood tree manifests only after a long stay in water. The core of the tree becomes hard, black and heavy then, it drowns in the water. According to R. Stein, the eaglewood tree in which Thien YA Na entered was found after flood, it turned to stone. At that time, a blue-coloured cliff emitting soil was found nearby, it had two hieroglyphs carved on it: Thien Y. The rock the eaglewood tree turned to was used to make statues. A legend of rocks emitting soil and increasing in size is very 1 Hồ Quốc Hùng. Thử nhận diện dấu vết tín ngưỡng Chăm qua nhóm truyện cổ người Việt ở Thuận hóa//Tạp chí văn học. 1999. № 3. Tr. 69. 2 Элиаде М. Трактат по истории религий. СПб., 1999. Т. 2. С. 94. 3 Швейер А.-В. Древний Вьетнам. М., 2014. С. 345. 4 Tạ Chí Đại Trường. Thần, người và đất Việt. Hà Nội, 2006. Tr. 36–37